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COM101/111: Introduction to Research & APA Citation

citing in APA style header

What is plagiarism?

Plagiarism is using someone else’s work (words, images, ideas, or phrases) and presenting it as your own. To prevent plagiarism you should always cite your sources. For information on how to cite, visit Seneca Libraries APA Citation guide.
 

Types of Plagiarism

Here are some examples of plagiarism:

  • Not citing - This happens when someone doesn't include citations when they copy an author's exact words (direct quotation) or uses their own words to describe an author's idea (paraphrasing).
  • False references - This happens when someone doesn't include both in-text and reference list citations. This can also happen when someone includes references that weren't cited in the work, or makes up fake references.
  • Misrepresenting a direct quote as a paraphrase - This happens when someone doesn't indicate that they've quoted directly from a source, such as not surrounding a quote in quotation marks. This also includes improper paraphrasing where someone replaces one or two words of the author's original words and includes it as a paraphrase.
  • Copying from another student - This happens when someone copies from another student, or allows another student to copy from them.
  • Recycling (self-plagiarism) - This happens when someone submits a previous assignment for more than one course, or treating anything they've previously written as new material. Check with your instructor if you would like to use material that you've previously created.

Plagiarism is one type of Academic Integrity offence. Others include: Cheating, Falsification, Impersonation, Contract Cheating, and Inappropriate Collaboration.

What is APA?

The Two Parts of Citing

 

1. Reference List citations

Full citations which are listed in your Reference List at the end of your assignment. The citations includes all the required information about your sources, such as the author's name, source title, and URL.

 

2. In-text citations

These are short citations found in your paragraphs. They often include the author's last name, publication year, and sometimes page number. For example: (Lee, 2020, p.13)

 

Remember: All References List citations must have a coordinating in-text citation within your paragraphs.

 

Example of two parts of citing: in-text citation and reference list citations

Example of two parts of citing: in-text citation and reference list citations

Reference List Citations

Your reference list will contain all the sources that you have cited in your assignment. The reference list citations contain important details about your source, such as the author's name, source title, date of publication, and URL. See the APA Citation Guide  for tips on formatting reference lists and learn how to cite different sources.

Parts of an APA Reference List Citation

What are the Parts of an APA Reference List Citation?

Here are the basic parts of APA Reference List citations that generally appear at the end of assignments and other coursework:

  • Who is the author? The citation often begins with the names of the author. Authors can be individuals. Authors can also be groups such as companies.
  • When was the source created? The citation mentions when the source was created or updated such as an article’s publication date. 
  • What is the source? The citation includes the full title of the source. 
  • Where is the source located? Lastly, citations include info on where to find the source such as the journal where the article came from or the website name and link where a video was found.

Example

Now that we know the basic parts of a citation, let’s look at an example of a Reference List Citation for Webpage by a Group Author:

Diabetes Canada. (n.d.). Preventing diabeteshttps://www.diabetes.ca/signs,-risks---prevention/preventing-diabetes

  • Who: Diabetes Canada
  • When: Use n.d. if there's no date given.
  • What: Add the title of the source. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and any proper nouns.
  • Where: Add the link to the source.

Remember!

APA has different rules for each type of source. Check out the library's APA Citation Guide for more examples.

Building Your APA Reference List

Quoting is copying a selection from someone else's work, phrasing it exactly as it was originally written. When quoting place quotation marks (" ") around the selected passage to show where the quote begins and where it ends. Remember to add an in-text citation after the quote.
 

Parenthetical Style Example
“Until they are displaced by a new technological innovation, digital screens will remain a fixture of human experience” (Orben & Przybylski, 2019, p. 694).

Narrative Style Example
Orben and Przybylski (2019) noted that “until they are displaced by a new technological innovation, digital screens will remain a fixture of human experience” (p. 694).

 
When are quotations generally used? 

Consider quoting a source if (University College, 2022):

  • The language of the passage is particularly elegant, powerful, or memorable that it can't be expressed any other way.

  • You wish to confirm the credibility of your argument by enlisting the support of an authority on your topic.

  • The passage is worthy of further analysis. 

Paraphrasing is used to show that you understand what the author wrote. You must restate the passage, expressing the ideas in your own words, and not just change a few words here and there. It's useful when describing short passages from a source. Remember to add an in-text citation after the paraphrase.

Note that some instructors may require page numbers for paraphrase in-text citations. If this is the case, follow the quotation examples above. Always confirm citation expectations with your instructor.
 

Parenthetical Style Example
Digital screens will continue to be part of people’s everyday lives (Orben & Przybylski, 2019).

Narrative Style Example
Orben and Przybylski (2019) determined that half of the participants in recent studies overestimated how much time they spend on the internet and a quarter of the participants underestimate it. 

Five Common Citation Mistakes & How to Fix Them

Citing Sources in Digital Assignments

Always confirm with your instructor their citing requirements for your digital media assignment. You may be required to cite sources in APA style, or you may be permitted to use a simple citation (see example below). Check out the Citing in Digital Assignments  guide for Seneca Libraries examples and tips.

 Test Yourself

Library Citation Help & Resources