| Reference List Citation |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/number
Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2012.05.011 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
Required elements: Author last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Bailey, 2012, p. 562) Narrative Style: Bailey (2012) states that "insert quote here" (p. 562). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Author last name, year
Parenthetical Style: (Bailey, 2012) Narrative Style: Bailey (2012) finds that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/number
Lane, J. D., & Williams, R. B. (1987). Cardiovascular effects of caffeine and stress in regular coffee drinkers. Psychophysiology, 24(2), 157-164. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1987.tb00271.x |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
Required elements: Authors' last names, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Lane & Williams, 1987, p. 158) Narrative Style: Lane and Williams (1987) state that "insert quote here" (p. 158). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Authors' last names, year
Parenthetical Style: (Lane & Williams, 1987) Narrative Style: Lane and Williams (1987) find that... |
| Reference List Citation |
If your source has three to twenty authors, include all of the authors' last names, first initials, and second initials (if given) in the Reference List citation. First Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., Second Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., Third Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Final Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number. https://doi.org/number Examples Duell, N., Steinberg, L., Icenogle, G., Chein, J., Chaudhary, N., Di Giunta, L., Dodge, K. A., Fanti, K. A., Lansford, J. E., Oburu, P., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Uribe Tirado, L. M., Alampay, L. P., Al-Hassan, S. M., Takash, H. M. S, Bacchini, D., & Chang, L. (2017). Age patterns in risk taking across the world. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47(5), 1052–1072. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0752-y Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A., & Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students' social networking experiences on Facebook: The real story. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 3(2), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010 Tobaldini, E., Costantino, G., Solbiati, M., Cogliati, C., Kara, T., Nobili, L., & Montano, N. (2017). Sleep, sleep deprivation, autonomic nervous system and cardiovascular diseases. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 74(Pt B), 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.004 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation.
Required elements: First author's last name, year, page number Parenthetical style examples (Pempek et al., 2009, p. 230) (Tobaldini et al., 2017, p. 325) (Duell et al., 2017, p. 1060)
Duell et al. (2017) state that "insert quote here" (p. 1060). Pempek et al. (2009) state that "insert quote here" (p. 230). Tobaldini et al. (2017) state that "insert quote here" (p. 325). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: First author's last name, year
Parenthetical style examples (Pempek et al., 2009) (Tobaldini et al., 2017) (Duell et al., 2017)
Narrative style examples Pempek et al. (2009) find that... Tobaldini et al. (2017) find that... Duell et al. (2017) find that... |
| Reference List Citation |
When the work has 21 or more authors, include only the first 19 names, an ellipsis, and the final name.
Wiskunde, B., Arslan, M., Fischer, P., Nowak, L., Van den Berg, O., Coetzee, L., Juárez, U., Riyaziyyat, E., Wang, C., Zhang, I., Li, P., Yang, R., Kumar, B., Xu, A., Martinez, R., McIntosh, V., Ibáñez, L. M., Mäkinen, G., Virtanen, E., . . . Kovács, A. (2019). Indie pop rocks mathematics: Twenty One Pilots, Nicolas Bourbaki, and the empty set. Journal of Improbable Mathematics, 27(1), 1935–1968. https://doi.org/10.0000/3mp7y-537 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation. Required elements: First author's last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Wiskunde et al., 2019, p. 1937) Narrative Style: Wiskunde et al. (2019) state that "insert quote here" (p. 1937). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: First author's last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Wiskunde et al., 2019) Narrative Style: Wiskunde et al. (2019) state that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number.
Carlisle, D. (2012). In the line of fire. Nursing Standard, 26(39), 18-19. |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
Required elements: Author last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Carlisle, 2012, p. 18) Narrative Style: Carlisle (2012) states that "insert quote here" (p. 18). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Author last name, year
Parenthetical Style: (Carlisle, 2012) Narrative Style: Carlisle (2012) finds that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Instead of page numbers, some journal articles may have an article number or eLocator. For these types of articles, include the word “Article” and then the article number in place of the page range in the References List citation. Note: If your source has three to twenty authors, include all of the authors' last names, first initials, and second initials (if given) in the Reference List citation. Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), Article article number. https://doi.org/number Example Rice, E., Mashford-Pringle, A., Qiang, J., Henderson, L., Maclean, T., Rhoden, J., Simms, A., & Stutz, S. (2024). Frameworks, guidelines, and tools to develop a learning health system for Indigenous health: An environmental scan for Canada. Learning Health Systems, 8(1), Article e10376. https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10376 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
The article number or eLocator is not included in the in-text citation. If citing the PDF version of the article, include the page number where the quote is found. If there are no page numbers, include the paragraph number where the quote is found. If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation.
Required elements: Author last name, year, page number Parenthetical Style: (Rice et al., 2024, p. 2), or if there are no page numbers, (Rice et al., 2024, para. 3) Narrative Style: Rice et al. (2024) states that "insert quote here" (p. 2). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Author last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Rice et al., 2024) Narrative Style: Rice et al. (2024) find that... |
| Reference List Citation |
If your source has three to twenty authors, include all of the authors' last names, first initials, and second initials (if given) in the Reference List citation. Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number or Article article number. https://doi.org/number
Prey, R. (2017). Nothing personal: Algorithmic individuation on music streaming platforms. Media, Culture & Society, 40(7), 1086-1100. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443717745147 Pawar, S. K., & Chanda, R. S. (2024). Motivations of Indian students to pursue a STEM master’s program abroad: Insights from a qualitative study. Cogent Education, 11(1), Article 2378275. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2378275 Martínez-Manzanares, M. E., Urias-Paramo, J. J., Waissman-Vilanova, J., & Figueroa-Preciado, G. (2024). An empirical job matching model based on expert human knowledge: A mixed-methods approach. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 38(1), Article e2364158. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2024.2364158 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation. If the article has an article number instead of page numbers, use use the paragraph number where the quote is found. Alternatively, you can use the page numbers in the PDF version of the article. Required elements: Author's last name(s), year, page or paragraph number
Parenthetical style examples (Prey, 2017, p. 1088) (Pawar & Chanda, p. 3) (Martínez-Manzanares et al., para. 5)
Narrative style examples Prey (2017) states that "insert quote here" (p. 1088). Pawar & Chanda (2024) state that "insert quote here" (p. 3). Martínez-Manzanares et al. (2024) state that "insert quote here" (para. 5). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation. Required elements: Author's last name(s), year
Parenthetical style examples (Prey, 2017) (Pawar & Chanda) (Martínez-Manzanares et al.)
Narrative style examples Prey (2017) finds that... Pawar & Chanda (2024) find that... Martínez-Manzanares et al. (2024) find that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if given), first page number-last page number if given. URL
Flachs, A. (2010). Food for thought: The social impact of community gardens in the Greater Cleveland Area. Electronic Green Journal, 1(30). http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6bh7j4z4 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
Required elements: Author's last name(s), year, page Note: If there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you can cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from. If there are no page or paragraph numbers and no marked section, leave this information out.
Parenthetical Style: (Flachs, 2010, Conclusion section, para. 3) Narrative Style: Flachs states that "insert quote here" (Conclusion section, para. 3). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Author's last name(s), year
Parenthetical Style: (Flachs, 2010) Narrative Style: Flachs (2010) finds that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Instead of page numbers, some journal articles may have an article number or eLocator. For these types of articles, include the word “Article” and then the article number in place of the page range in the References List citation. Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), Article article number. https://doi.org/number Note: If your source has three to twenty authors, include all of the authors' last names, first initials, and second initials (if given) in the Reference List citation.
Rice, E., Mashford-Pringle, A., Qiang, J., Henderson, L., Maclean, T., Rhoden, J., Simms, A., & Stutz, S. (2024). Frameworks, guidelines, and tools to develop a learning health system for Indigenous health: An environmental scan for Canada. Learning Health Systems, 8(1), Article e10376. https://doi.org/10.1002/lrh2.10376 |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
The article number or eLocator is not included in the in-text citation. If citing the PDF version of the article, include the page number where the quote is found. If there are no page numbers, include the paragraph number where the quote is found. If your source has three to twenty authors, list the first author's last name followed by "et al." in your in-text citation. Required elements: Author last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Rice et al., 2024, p. 2), or if there are no page numbers, (Rice et al., 2024, para. 3) Narrative Style: Rice et al. (2024) state that "insert quote here" (p. 2). |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
Required elements: Author last name, year, page number
Parenthetical Style: (Rice et al., 2024) Narrative Style: Rice et al. (2024) find that... |
| Reference List Citation |
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any. Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number if Page Numbering Begins at 1 for Each Issue in the Volume), first page number-last page number.
Carlisle, D. (2012). In the line of fire. Nursing Standard, 26(39), 18-19. |
| In-Text Citation: Quote |
(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)
(Carlisle, 2012, p. 18) |
| In-Text Citation: Paraphrase |
(Author's Last Name, Year)
(Carlisle, 2012) |
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